Copy number variants, macroindels, rearrangements

This is a placeholder for discussion of conceptual (and file-format) based representation of copy number variants, macroindels, & rearrangements. It is not clear to me (MWV) how well GLF, VCF, etc deal with significant architectural changes relative to the reference genome.

Outside of genome science, how are these sorts of relationships modeled, say for describing major changes in a text document? Commentary?